Amanita.

** ** Volva definitely circumscissile cut around, with a persistent, marginated base; the calyptra cap-like covering is parted into thick warts on the pileus. The entire fungus is originally enclosed within an adnate volva, but because the pileus emerges above the distinct base, the adnate volva must necessarily split around the margins as the pileus expands. There exists a smaller form of all these types, appearing bare once the warts have shed.

7. A. MUSCARIUS Fly agaric, pileus convex-expanded, margin slightly striate, flesh yellowish under the viscid skin, stipe spiderweb-like inside then soon hollow, concentrically scaly-marginated from the adnate volva, base ovate-bulbous, ring superior and loose, lamellae reaching the stipe (with a stria decurrent on the stipe). Linn. — S. M. 1. p. 16, where syn. Kromb. t. 9. Vittad. t. 5. Grev. t. 54. Lenz. f. 3. Sv. Bot. t. 108. Paul. t. 157. Vaill. par. p. 75. n. 6. Depicted a hundred times over, to what end? Smaller form without warts: Schaeff. t. 28. [A. nobilis Bolt. t. 46 is a fictitious species based on this poorly depicted one.] Most common, especially in birch forests. Showy, highly poisonous (Clus. pern. g. XIII. 4. Sterb. t. 28. A—C.). Pileus color commonly ranges from blood-red to orange, eventually whitening; the lamellae are white and also turn yellowish! — Var. regalis, twice as large, stipe stuffed, pileus liver-colored, in beech forests. Var. umbrina, thinner, stipe hollow, pileus umber or livid, disc brownish (Secr. n. 9; but by no means to be confused with the following) in mountainous pine forests.

8. A. PANTHERINUS Panther cap, pileus convex-expanded, margin striate, flesh white under the viscid skin, stipe from stuffed to hollow, glabrous, with an oblique (and varied) ring, base separable from the volva and neatly and obtusely marginate, appearing sheathed, lamellae attenuated-free. Dec. — S. M. 1. p. 16. Fl. Dan. t. 1911. f. 2. junior. Vittad. mang. t. 39. Kromb. t. 29. f. 10—13. Paul. Champ. t. 160. f. 2. Soc. Med. l. c. t. 14. — Schaeff. t. 90. Frequent, especially in beech forests. Variable in stature and color, but never yellow or red, and variable in the position of the ring, but soon distinct due to the volva (sometimes distant from the stipe!). The pellicle of the younger pileus (commonly olive-umber) is thick and glutinous, but thin in the adult. Poisonous: Clus. pern. gen. VII. 2. Sterb. t. 16. F. G.

9. A. STROBILIFORMIS Warted amanita, pileus convex-expanded, pelliculose, margin exceeding the lamellae and smooth, flesh compact and white, stipe solid, floccose-scaly, thickened downward into an underground bulb acutely marginated by a concentric groove (or two), ring lacerate, lamellae rounded-free. Vittad. mang. t. 9. Paul. Champ. t. 162. Soc. Med. l. c. t. 16. f. 2. Am. ampla.