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Wikimedia Commons · CC0 1.0 · Hover to magnify, click for fullscreen
Original fileThe personification of Rhetoric is depicted in a laurel-wreathed cap and jewelry, leaning over an open book while a bearded older man presents a small caduceus. The scene utilizes the swelling line work and muscular anatomy characteristic of the Haarlem Mannerist style. This print is the fourth in a series dedicated to the Seven Liberal Arts.
As part of the Trivium, Rhetoric was a foundational pillar of Renaissance education and the Hermetic pursuit of divine eloquence. The engraver, Cornelis Drebbel, is a pivotal figure in the history of science and Western esotericism, later serving as a court inventor for Rudolf II in Prague.
Per me formatur facunde gratia linguæ, Ætherei qua Dij, regesq; ducesq; moventur. 4
Translation
Through me is formed the grace of eloquent speech, By which the ethereal Gods, and kings, and leaders are moved. 4
Martianus Capella
Capella's 'De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii' established the standard iconography for Rhetoric and the Seven Liberal Arts.
Cornelis Drebbel
The artist was a renowned natural philosopher and alchemist known for his 'perpetual motion' machines and work at the Rudolfine court.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Wikimedia Commons · CC0 1.0
March 24, 2026