Book of Chess, Its Problems, and Its Subtleties

On the authority of Ali ibn Abi Talib The cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, and the fourth Caliph (d. 661 AD)., peace be upon him. ⸫ And this is because of the permission granted for it ⸫ because
chess, until the time of the Umayyads The first hereditary dynasty of the Islamic Empire (661–750 AD)., continued to have its pawns bayādiq (singular: baydaq) shaped in the forms of
footmen, elephants, and horses, following their [true] likenesses according to the custom of the non-Arabs original: "al-A'ājim," referring to the Persians.. They were not
found in the form that we know today except rarely. At that time,
most of the Arabs were familiar with the non-Arabs original: "ya'manu," meaning they trusted or were in close contact with their customs., and so he—peace be upon him—saw them as images and disliked them.
The evidence for this is that he permitted it, as he did not forbid it with a final prohibition, and no one
has been found to point toward [anything contrary] to what we have said. The evidence that they were [originally] images is what
was narrated from Shu'bah, in a tradition reaching back [to the early companions], that Abu Bakr The first Caliph of Islam (d. 634 AD). entered upon his sons while they
were playing chess and said: "What are these statues to which you are devoted?" Abu Bakr is quoting the Qur'an (21:52), where the prophet Abraham questions his people about their idols. The author argues Abu Bakr was criticizing the statues, not the game.
And he said nothing more than this. ⸫ It was narrated from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad—
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Salama al-Umari said—that he said: "Muhammad ibn Sirin A highly respected early Islamic scholar and dream interpreter (d. 728 AD).
passed by us while we were playing chess, and some of its pieces original: "dawāt," referring to the physical instruments or pieces of the game. were images. He said: 'It was only disliked that they should fashion images
in the likeness of God’s creation,' and he did not find fault with our playing chess." ⸫ Muhammad ibn Sinan
al-Qazzaz narrated that Muhammad ibn Sirin was in prison, and he used to stand over people
playing chess and say: "Lift this one, and place that one [there]."
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar narrated from Mus'ab ibn Abd Allah, from his father, who said:
"We used to play it in the presence of Hisham ibn Urwah A prominent early scholar of Medina (d. 763 AD).," and Hisham said...