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which we have called the instrument of the orator, which in another notion is also called the work of the orator, the parts of which are sometimes counted as four: Exordium, Narration, Contention, Peroration; sometimes six: Exordium, Narration, Partition, Confirmation, Refutation, Peroration. We will explain the same parts in this order and by these names, so that the first is the Exordium, the second the Narration, the third the Proposition; which, if it is not simple, is called a Partition, the fourth is the Contention or Argumentation, which is done by confirming and refuting; the fifth is the Peroration. The Exordium prepares the listener's mind. The Narration explains the deed. The Proposition then embraces the sum of the cause: to which is added the Partition, which opens the limbs of the speech. The Contention contains the discussion of the cause, confirming our own points and refuting the contrary. The Peroration artistically finishes the speech. Nature showed these parts, and orders that this order be kept, so that before we speak about the proposed subject, the minds of those who are listening are reconciled at the beginning: then the thing is demonstrated: afterwards the controversy is established: then that which we intend is confirmed: afterwards, what can be said against it is refuted: finally, in the end of the speech, those things which make for us are amplified and increased; those which make for the adversaries are weakened. Therefore, the first part serves to reconcile minds, the last to move them. Confirmation and refutation pertain to teaching and proving, to which the remaining parts pave the way. From these parts, a full and perfect speech is composed. And since all speech consists of words and things, in which the whole office of the orator is involved, the parts of the oratorical office are numbered by the ancients as five: invention, disposition, elocution,
Orator's work is speech.
Parts of speech
Exordium.
Narration.
Proposition.
Partition.
Contention.
Peroration.
Cic. 1. de orat.
Cic. 1. partit.
Parts of the oratorical office, or the five parts of rhetoric.