Cornelii Valerii Ultraiectini In universam benedicendi [sic] rationem tabula, summam artis rhetoricae complectens

from some maxim, from history, from the unexpected, and similar things.

Concerning the Passions. Arist. book 2. Rhetoric. & Quinctil. book 6. ch. 2.

Passions, which are certain movements of the soul by which human minds are stirred either to pity, love, favor, or to anger, hatred, contempt, and similar disturbances, have the greatest influence in winning over hearts. Honorable things deserve love; their opposites deserve hatred. Calamity or fortune unworthy of virtue, lineage, or age moves pity. For passions are taken mostly from attributes, which are commonly called circumstances: age, fortune, place, cause, manner, and the rest.

Concerning the disturbance of the mind. Cic. extensively in book 4 of the Tusculans.

Some passions are softer or milder, adapted to nature and customs and to the entire habit of life, slipping more gently into the minds of the listeners; these are called ēthē character/dispositions: such as the love of parents, the affection of brothers and relatives, etc.; like that of Virgil: All the care of the fond parent rests in Ascanius. Such as the loyalty of spouses and friends: such as modesty, moderate joy, and fear.

Passion is twofold, existing from the soul, from anger and desire. Cic. in Orat.

Others are more vehement and stirring, by which minds are disturbed; these are called pathē passions/sufferings: such as the uncontrolled movements of lovers, the angry, the raging, the grieving, the despairing, etc., which are expressed in atrocious words. The same concerning Mezentius: He even joined dead bodies to the living. And, Unhappy boy, and unequal to a contest with Achilles. And, Lo, what do I do, shall I try again the former suitors, having been mocked?

Horace in the Art of Poetry.

The former are shown in comedies, the latter in tragedies. In order to move passions correctly, so that words, countenance, and mind agree, you yourself must be moved first. We use those milder passions in the exordium, prepared for winning goodwill, and sometimes the more vehement ones as well, but increasing them gradually.